The struggle for the influence of global political hegemony is inseparable from the influence of ideology that influences international political patterns. After the cold war, America managed to become a superpower that was very influential in the development of international politics. But later researchers predict that China will surpass America in political economy in the next few decades. China's hegemony has been the subject of intense debate in the study of global political economy. As the country with the second largest economy in the world and a growing military power, thus the global political constellation will again experience a power shift. This paper will discuss how China's efforts in positioning itself as international political hegemony and its influence on the dynamics of international political patterns.      

China has experienced significant ideological and political development over the centuries. From the foundations of Confucianism to the influence of Marxism, Maoism, and socialism with Chinese characteristics, China's ideology has become the cornerstone for the formation of its political system. The political changes that have taken place over the past few decades reflect China's efforts to modernize its economy and meet global challenges. Understanding the history of China's ideological and political development is important in looking at China's role and position in the current global context.

The end of the Cold War was a new starting point for America as the last man in the hegemonic constellation of international politics in various sectors. But it was also a new beginning for China to rise post-war to make a big leap. It was started by Den Xiaoping by carrying out the policy of one country and two systems where the capitalist system is in the economic field, and the socialist is the political system. Continued with the Township and Village Entertainment (TVEs) program, which is to make the village the backbone of the economy and supported by the role of the city as a center of research and industry, and technological developments which will then be used for spicy

World economic conditions continue to encourage China to compete with American rivals, especially in the economy. China's achievements in the previous decade were followed by a decline in U.S. productivity. In 2016, the US experienced a financial crisis due to its $62 trillion debt, 80% of which is owed to China. This rivalry occurs as part of the struggle for political hegemony, particularly in the Asia Pacific region. China's game is an attempt to rebalance America's long-held global power through various aspects such as international trade, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and its role in international organizations.

China's Influence on international trade

China has significant influence in international trade through the expansion of bilateral trade, the Economic Silk Road Initiative, and its participation in international institutions. These developments have consequences for trading partner countries, both in terms of economic opportunities and challenges that must be faced. In the bilateral cooperation sector, China has succeeded in building cooperation with developing countries that have the potential to become developed countries. Indonesia, which has the status of a developed country, has certainly become a permanent trading partner with China in the past decade, not only that in 2020 China also replaced the United States as the main trading partner of the European Union (EU) in addition to the technology and manufacturing sectors are China's mainstay in export trade expansion.

 Of course, this is also motivated by the One Belt One Road (OBOR) strategy initiated by President Xi at the beginning of his administration in 2013. The One Belt One Road initiative was motivated by the history of ancient Chinese trade which used the silk road as an instrument of connectivity in trade mobilization that connected the Asian and European continents at that time. It was applied to a multilateral cooperation mechanism between Eurasians. One Belt One Road policy consists of 2 main components, namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. The Silk Road Economic Belt as a land route aims to connect China's western underdeveloped provinces with Europe through Central Asia. The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road aims to connect China's rich coastal provinces with Southeast Asia to Africa through ports and railways with a target of 4.4 billion people in 67 countries representing 63% of the total global population.    

China's Role in International Organizations

Apart from cooperation with permanent partners in international trade and the One Belt One Road strategy, China is also active in international organizations, especially in trade. China has been a World Trade Organization (WTO) member since 2001. Since then, China has played a significant role in the multilateral trading system, both as an active participant in global trade negotiations and the implementation of rules and conditions set by the WTO. This paper will discuss China's role in the multilateral trading system, focusing on its contribution to the negotiations, the implementation of trade policies, as well as the challenges and criticisms it faces. One of China's contributions to the WTO is to make agreements and among them is as follows

1. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
2. Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)
3. Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMS)

China has played a significant role in multilateral trading systems, such as the WTO. With its contribution to trade negotiations, trade policy implementation, and an increasingly important role in global trade, China has shaped an increasingly dynamic world trade order. However, China is also faced with challenges and criticisms related to its trade practices and economic policies. China and other WTO members need to continue working to strengthen rules and mechanisms that facilitate fair and sustainable trade.

Concluison

China's hegemony as a global economic and political power has produced significant repercussions in international politics. In this case, the impact can be seen in various aspects of politics and relations between countries at the global level. With rapid economic growth, China has become a serious contender for the hegemony of the United States. These changes have affected global power dynamics and opened up space for China to play a more active role in international politics. New alliances and partnerships: China has created strategic partnerships with many countries, both through bilateral and multilateral initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative. This has formed new alliances that are changing the international political landscape and affecting relations between countries.

On the other hand China as the world's largest producer and exporter has created significant economic dependence for many countries. This affects the economic policies of other countries and gives China strong political influence. Investment and economic influence: Through foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative, China has increased its economic influence in various parts of the world. This affects the economic policies of the investment recipient countries and creates greater political power for China.

China's presence as a regional power also has affected the security structure in East Asia. This creates new tensions and dynamics in relations between countries in the region. Territorial and maritime disputes: The impact of China's hegemony can also be seen in territorial and maritime disputes, such as in the South China Sea. China's strong territorial claims have stoked tensions with neighboring countries and affected regional political stability.

China has increased its role in international organizations such as the United Nations (UN), WTO, and World Bank. It influences global policy on a wide range of issues, including trade, human rights, and the environment. Global institutional reform: With its status as an increasingly powerful nation, China has urged the reform of global institutions such as the United Nations and WTO to reflect its interests and more balanced role in international politics. China's hegemony has had a significant impact on international politics. Changes in power dynamics, strong economic influence, regional impacts, and its role in international organizations are some important impacts that must be considered. China's influence on international politics will continue to grow and have far-reaching implications for the current world order

China's hegemony has had a significant impact on international politics. Changes in power dynamics, strong economic influence, regional impacts, and its role in international organizations are some important impacts that must be considered. China's influence on international politics will continue to grow and have far-reaching implications for the current world order.

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